August 2017 archive

Bhagawatam 155: Rules to be adhered to by spiritual aspirant.. contd.

Keshavāya namah

Maharishi Kapila continues,

“In water, reflection of the Sun is seen. Reflection of this Sun in the water falls upon the wall of the house. At that time there are two reflections. The Sun seen on the wall is the reflection of the Sun in the waters which in turn is the reflection of the Sun located in the sky.

In the similar manner, Pure Consciousness (śuddha chaitanya) first gets reflected upon the ego (ahamkāra) made up of the trigunas. Then it reflects upon the 5 gross elements, the senses and inner mind (antahkarana).

In other words, the illumination of Pure Consciousness that exists within this gross body, the senses and mind can be experienced. Nevertheless it should be understood that this illumination is nothing but the reflection of the ego’s illumination.

In deep sleep, subtle elements, senses, mind, intellect, etc. dissolve completely into that subtle Nature wherein limitations of name and form do not exist. Even at such time the Self’s consciousness (atma chaitanya) does not dissolve. It remains as an eternal witness, devoid of ego (sense of I-ness).

During waking state, this Self illumines as the dṛṣṭa (the Seer). It should be understood the Seer (drśta) himself is the Self! During deep sleep the individual believes that he has been destroyed and thus grieves. He becomes anxious like a person who has lost his wealth.

Body, senses, mind, intellect and ego (sense of I-ness) seek refuge purely in the Self’s consciousness and illumine only within it. The intelligent person, with his discriminatory knowledge thoroughly scrutinizes them and understands the real essence of the Self (atma tattva)”.

Hearing this Devahuti enquired, “O Lord! Nature and Self (Prakriti- Puruśa), take refuge in one another due to which their relationship is eternal. Under no circumstances does Prakriti detach itself from Puruśa. It is impossible to separate smell from earth, isn’t it? They are one and the same. Likewise, water and taste do not have a separate existence.

Similarly Nature (Prakriti) and Self (Puruśa) can never be separated. Inherently the Self does not get involved in action. But due to attaining oneness with the traits of Nature, the Self gets entangled in these karmic bondages.

Now these 3 attributes of Nature have an eternal existence. This being the case, how can the Self ever get liberated from these karmic bondages? Due to Self-realization, perchance even if the fear of samsara is dispelled in the yogi, the 3 attributes of Nature which are its roots cannot be destroyed, isn’t it? Since their existence is eternal, there is a scope for worldly bondages to re-emerge, isn’t it?”

Kapila Bhagawān replied, “O Mother! The yoga practitioner should, with a pure mind and with a selfless attitude, adhere to his own dharma (swadharma). He should at all times listen to My divine glories and have intense devotion towards Me”.

We notice that this theme repeats. Irrespective of all the knowledge and the science behind the creation which is being passed to us through this Bhāgawatam, the emphasis is on devotion towards Srihari! If a person is truly desirous of cutting through this veil of illusion, he has to mandatorily listen to the stories pertaining to the Lord. The mind should be permanently fixed upon Him.

“He should strive to increase his devotion. He should try to know the real form of Nature and Self. He should not consider them to be separate. He should possess unflinching detachment and should relentlessly practice disciplines, contemplation and Self-study. Ultimate concentration of mind is a must!

Just as the spark contained with the log of wood reduces to ashes the entire log, the practitioner who diligently abides by these disciplines will in this birth itself dissolve his spiritual ignorance (avidya) gradually.

The intelligent person should realize that Nature is the sole cause for all sorrows. Only when this fact is deeply digested, he will stop himself from attaining oneness with Nature. He will distance himself.

Nature does not have the capacity to create bondages in a person who is totally immersed in his inner bliss. During dream, the person encounters various problems and suffers immensely. However upon waking up, the dream ceases to have any impact upon him. He forgets the dream.

Evaṁ vidita-tattvasya prakṛtir mayi mānasam

Yuñjato nāpakuruta ātmārāmasya karhicit

 Nature will never cause infatuation in the yoga practitioner who, through the understanding of the principle of Nature-Self, has fixed the mind solely upon Me and who enjoys his own inner bliss! It will never harm him.

In this way when a sage spends many, many lifetimes established in the Self, he will obtain total detachment towards every form of comfort. He will then attain the abode of Brahma (brahma loka). Only with My supreme blessings the intelligent person obtains Supreme Knowledge. Through knowledge of his Self, he will dispel all his doubts.

He will obtain in this birth My abode i.e. the form of the Self. It is well known as ‘liberation’ or as unlimited supreme bliss! In other words, he will obtain liberation while living (jeevanmukti). After the destruction of this subtle body, that Jnani will no longer have re-births.

O Mother! All the Yogic powers are made powerful by the energy of such accomplished beings. The various supernatural accomplishments, which are illusory, arise purely through Yoga. There is no way other than this. However when the accomplished yogi shows dispassion even towards such supernatural powers, he will then attain the ultimate liberation and will merge totally into Me. He will then be free from death as it will be permanently destroyed”.

With this the twenty seventh chapter comes to an end.

Narayanāya namah

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Bhagawatam 154: Disciplines to be practised while simultaneously treading path of bhakti-yoga

Maharishi Kapila continued,

“Indra, together with energy to hold objects entered into His hands; Vishnu together with power of movement entered into His feet; deities of rivers together with blood entered into His blood vessels and the Lord of ocean together with hunger-thirst entered into the abdomen of the Universal Lord. But still the Universal Lord did not wake up. Moon together with the mind; Brahma together with intelligence and Rudra together with egoism entered into him but to no avail.

But when Kshetragna, the presiding deity of consciousness (chitta) i.e. the seer who perceives this body as a different entity, entered into the Universal Lord together with consciousness, the Lord instantly awakened! He arose from the waters.

Just as energy, mind, intelligence, egoism etc., fail to wake a sleeping person, no matter how hard they try, the presiding deities failed to awaken the Universal Lord, without the help of consciousness.

The human being should, with feelings of absolute devotion and through understanding of the principle of Prakriti-Puruśa, develop total detachment. Then through single focused intellect (buddhi) that arises from Yoga he should see the Lord who resides within his body in the form of individual Self.

This fundamental principle has been explained in the form of a story. Otherwise, how can God sleep? What is the meaning of presiding deities entering into Him and trying to wake Him up?

It is spiritual knowledge that should be awakened within the individual. This is the meaning of waking the Universal Lord. How should this spiritual knowledge be awakened within the individual? What is the process? How should the human being enter into every limb of his own body? This is being detailed.

The goal for the individual being is to have the darshan of the Supreme Lord who resides within him as his individual Self!

With this the twenty sixth chapter of the third canto comes to an end.

Third Canto Chapter Twenty seven

Attaining liberation (moksha) through the knowledge of Prakriti-Puruśa (Nature-Self) is being explained. The method in which illusion is destroyed through the means of Bhakti-yoga is also explained.

Kapila Maharishi continued to preach, “O Mother! The Self (Puruśa) is not subject to any transformation (changeless). He is devoid of action. He is also devoid of traits.

Just as the Sun does not associate with its reflection in the waters, this ‘Self’ does not attach himself to dualities such as joys-sorrows or merits- sins which arise from the trigunas, even though he takes shelter in this body which is created by Nature (Prakriti)!

Only when the intellect of this Self (Puruśa), due to feelings of I-ness (ahamkara), is clouded with infatuation (moha), and when he develops inclination towards the three attributes of Nature (trigunas), then the feeling ‘I am the one performing the action’ arises in him!

With this rise of I-ness, he begins to reap the results of the good and bad actions done by this gross body! He loses his freedom and acquires good, bad and mixed births. Taking on human, animal or celestial births, he gets trapped in this cycle of repeated births and laments. He distances from real happiness.

This samsāra which consists of repeated births and deaths has no real existence. Yet, the bonded soul who is totally inclined towards material comforts, cannot escape from this cycle of re-births and the suffering contained therein.

How should a spiritual aspirant behave? The rules are specified:

Ata eva śanaiś cittaṁ prasaktam asatāṁ pathi

Bhakti-yogena tīvreṇa viraktyā ca nayed vaśam

As such, the mind which is deeply attached towards these wicked sensory pleasures should gradually be brought under control through the medium of bhakti yoga and intense practice of detachment (vairagya).

The spiritual aspirant should, with love devoid of selfish expectations, listen only to My stories. Along with it he should tread the path of Yoga with disciplines such as Yama, Niyama etc.

Sarva-bhūta-samatvena nirvaireṇa-aprasagata

Brahmacaryeṇa maunena sva-dharmeṇa balīyasā

With feelings of total harmony towards all living beings, the spiritual aspirant should see the Supreme Lord who exists within all beings as Pure Consciousness. With such outlook he should eliminate feelings of enmity. He should develop dispassion towards worldly matters. Practice of celibacy and silence (mouna) are imperative! Without having excessive friendships, he should maintain a calm, happy mind. He should be diligent in the execution of his duties.

He should be content with that which automatically falls into his lap as a result of his past good and bad deeds. He should be moderate in eating. Contemplating upon the Supreme Essence, he should live alone.

Giving up likes-dislikes, he should love everyone equally and should have feelings of compassion towards everyone. He should firmly believe that he has attained fulfillment and should stop lamenting ‘I could not complete that action’. He should give up such fear.

The truly knowledgeable person (Jnani) who has understood the principle of Prakriti-Puruśa, frees himself from the false knowledge of ‘I’ and ‘mine’ in respect of the body or in matters pertaining to it! He realizes that waking, dream and other stages apply only to the intellect and not to the Self.  He has the understanding that there is nothing apart from Iśwara in this creation.

Sun is the presiding deity for the eyes. Just like seeing this presiding deity through the eyes themselves, the Jnani through the medium of his pure mind sees the Lord who resides as the Self within. He totally self-surrenders to Him and attains liberation!

He realizes that the individual being is nothing but the reflection of the Pure Consciousness upon the inner mind! He also understands that after leaving the body the being attains oneness with this Pure Consciousness and that this consciousness pervades the entire false universe and illumines it. He understands that it is non-dual”.

Keshavaya namah.

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Bhagawatam 153: Emergence of the cosmic egg.

Keshavāya namah.

Maharishi Kapila continued,

“Wind & touch: Wind is born from the subtle element of touch (sparsha tanmatra). Wind is the cause for the movement of leaves and other objects. It gathers objects to one place. It is all pervading. It carries fragrances to the nose. It helps sound reach the ear. It strengthens the senses. These are the activities and characteristics of wind.

Fire & form: Due to the influence of time, this subtle element of touch (sparsha tanmatra) transforms and from it the subtle element of form (roopa tanmātra) was born. From this subtle element of form, Fire as well as the organ of sight i.e. eye manifested.

Form gives shape to every object. It highlights the qualities and dimensions of the object. It is the form of fire. These are the characteristics of roopa tanmātra. Fire is known by its effulgence. Cooking, causing thirst, causing hunger, driving away cold and causing dryness are the activities of fire.

Water & taste: Due to the Lord’s influence, this fire which has form (roopa) as its subtle element, transforms and gives birth to the subtle element of taste (rasa tanmātra). From this subtle element of taste, water and tongue i.e. the sense organ connected to taste, manifest.

Although there is only one taste, due to mixing with other substances, it is divided into six viz., sweet, sour, bitter, astringent, salty and pungent. Softening, causing satisfaction, causing dryness, sustaining life, quenching thirst, dispelling heat, being available in abundance and emerging from earth are the characteristics of water.

Earth & smell: Due to the Lord’s influence, Water which as taste as its subtle element, transforms and from it the subtle element of smell (gandha tanmātra) is born. From this gandha tanmātra, earth as well as nose i.e. sense organ connected to smell, emerge.

Although there is only one smell, due to combinations between matter, smell could be mixed, offensive, mild, fragrant, sour, sweet, etc.

Earth is born from this subtle element of smell (gandha tanmātra). In its varied forms, this earth is the support for the intentions of the Lord. While remaining stable, it becomes the support for water and other elements. Earth divides the all-pervading space into different small spaces for example, space in the pot, space in the vessel etc.  It brings to fore the tendencies of male or female, which exist within every living being. These are the characteristics that define earth.

Sound is the characteristic of space and Ear is the organ that grasps it.

Touch is the characteristic of wind and Skin is the organ that grasps touch.

Form is the characteristic of fire and Eye is the organ that has the sense of sight.

Taste is the characteristic of water and Tongue is the organ that has the sense of taste.

Smell is the characteristic of earth and Nose is the sense organ connected to smell.

The characteristic of the effect is also visible in the cause. Due to combination with space and other elements, in addition to its own quality of smell, earth also has the qualities of other four elements.

Emergence of Cosmic egg:

Prior to creation, the principles of Mahat (cosmic intelligence), Ahamkara (sense of I-ness) and the 5 elements (totaling 7) were incapable of combining with one another. At that point, the Supreme Lord, who is the cause for this entire creation entered into them together with time, action and 3 attributes of Nature.

With the Lord’s entry, turbulence was caused within these 7 principles and they now combined with one another. This led to the birth of a lifeless egg (prana rahita) from which the universal form (virat puruśa) emerged.

This egg was enveloped by water that was 10 times its size. Water was surrounded by a layer of radiance which was 10 times bigger than the water layer. The layer of air which surrounded this radiance was 10 times thicker than the water layer. The space that enveloped the air was 10 times thicker than it. All these layers were covered by the veil of Nature.

Within this, the all the universes are contained. This vast expansive creation is nothing but the manifested form of Lord Srihari! It is known as Viśeṣa.

The universal Lord (Virat Puruśa), emerged from this effulgent cosmic egg. He once again entered into it and created many holes in the egg.

Emergence of organs and their corresponding presiding deities in the Universal Lord (Virāt Puruśa):

Then at first, the mouth appeared. From it the sense of speech and God of Fire, its presiding deity, manifested.

Thereafter nostrils emerged and from them life-force (prana) and the organ of smell manifested. Wind, which is the presiding deity for the nose, emerged.

Thereafter eyes emerged and from it came the sense of sight. Lord Sun, who is the presiding deity for sight, also appeared.

Then two ears appeared and from them the organ of hearing and Dik-devatas, the presiding deity of hearing, manifested.

Then skin appeared and from it hair, mustache and beard manifested along with herbs, which are the presiding deities for skin.

Thereafter the organ of reproduction was born. From it semen and its presiding deity i.e. Lord of waters, was born.

Next the organ of excretion emerged and from it the wind called Apāna was born. From Apāna the Lord of death manifested. This Lord of death creates fear throughout all universes.

Then hands which have the ability to hold objects and Indra, the presiding deity of this energy of holding, emerged.

Feet emerged and from them the ability of movement emerged along with Vishnu, its presiding deity.

Next veins were created. They were filled with blood. The Lord of the rivers then manifested.

Abdomen was now born. Hunger and thirst manifested along with oceans, their presiding deity.

Heart manifested and from it mind was born along with Moon, its presiding deity.

Intelligence emerged along with its presiding deity Brahma. Ahamkara (sense of I-ness) manifested along with its presiding deity Rudra. Then chitta (memory) and its presiding deity manifested.

These deities who thus emerged from the Universal Lord (Virāt Puruśa) tried to wake Him up but to no avail. Hence they once again reentered his body in order to wake Him up.

Fire mixed with the organ of speech and entered into the face of the Universal Lord but the Lord did not wake up. Wind along with the sense of smell entered into his nostrils, but yet He did not wake up.

Sun entered the eyes together with the organ of sight followed by Dik-devatas who entered the ears together with the organ of hearing. Lord of herbs together with hair entered into the skin of the Universal Lord but even then the Lord did not wake up.

The Lord of water through the semen entered into the genitals and the Lord of death entered the anus along with the Apāna respectively. Even then the Lord did not wake up. The Lord was in Yogic sleep”.

This subject is very difficult to comprehend and requires repeated listening and recapitulation before being understood. Minimum 5 times it should be heard before it is understood.

Narayanaya namah

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Bhagawatam 152: Emergence of Cosmic intelligence (Mahat) as well as of Sattvik, Rajasic and Tamasic egoism (ahamkara)

 

Keshavaya namah

Maharishi Kapila continued,

“Pañcabhiḥ pañcabhir brahma caturbhir daśabhis tathā

Etac catur-viṁśatikaṁ gaṇa prādhānika vidu

24 principles (5+5+10+4= 24) are the primary cause for the existence of this universe. The Supreme Lord presides over them and manifests in the form of the universe.

Earth, water, fire, air and space are the 5 gross elements. The 5 subtle elements (tanmātras, sensory perceptions) are the cause for the existence of gross elements. They are smell, taste, form, touch and sound.

Ear, skin, eye, tongue and nose are the 5 organs of perception (jnanendriya). Speech, hands, feet, organs of reproduction and organs of excretion are the 5 organs of action (karmendriya). In this way there are 10 senses (indriyas).

Based on the modifications that take place within it, mind (anatahkarana) exists in 4 stages. They are Manas, the processing mind which is the form of thoughts and imaginations; Buddhi, the discriminatory mind; Ahamkara, the feeling of I-ness; and Chitta, the storehouse of past impressions.

In this manner, the Lord who manifests as the universe has 24 principles. Learned elders empathically declare this truth. Time is the 25th principle. Some consider time as the divine manifestation of the Puruśa (Self).

Due to spiritual ignorance, the individual being attains oneness with Nature (Prakriti) and its activities. He mistakenly considers himself to be the doer of actions, although in reality they are the actions of the trigunas. Due to this he fears time.

Before creation, the attributes of goodness, passion and ignorance (sattva, rajas, tamo gunas) were in equilibrium. They were in harmony. At that point of time, earth and other changes were not visible in Nature (Prakriti). During this state of equilibrium, God creates a movement causing an imbalance. The Lord who causes this movement is being addressed as Time.

Antaḥ puruṣa-rūpeṇa kāla-rūpeṇa yo bahi

Samanvety eṣa sattvānāṁ bhagavān ātma-māyayā

Through the medium of His illusory power, the Supreme Lord exists both within and outside of all living beings. When He exists within the person, He is addressed as the Puruśa (Self). When He pervades outside, He is addressed as Time (kāla).

Eternal time (kāla) disturbs the equilibrium within the trigunas and causes turbulence in them. Puruśa (Self) impregnates this Prakriti (Nature), which has now attained unevenness, with his semen i.e. His pure consciousness (chaitanya shakti). Nature, which was thus impregnated, manifested as Mahat tattva i.e. total cosmic intelligence.

Mahat tattva is changeless. It is the root for the entire creation. This Mahat tattva makes visible the creation which is invisibly contained within it and destroys the utter darkness which had covered its brightness at the time of dissolution.

Yat tat sattva-guṇaṁ svacchaṁ śāntaṁ bhagavata padam

Yad āhur vāsudevākhyaṁ cittaṁ tan mahad-ātmakam

Maharishis state that Pure Consciousness which is extolled by the scriptures; which is replete with traits of goodness (sattva), purity (svaccha) calmness (śanta) and which is the place where the Supreme Lord can be understood is Mahat tattva! This itself is Vāsudeva. It is deity of worship.

The inherent characteristic of Consciousness (cit) is that it is pure, changeless and calm. It can be compared to pure water in its natural stage prior touching earth.

Mahat tattva emerged from Pure Consciousness. It transformed and emerged as action-oriented ahamkara (sense of I-ness) which is of three types: goodness, passion or ignorance.

From ahamkara (sense of I-ness) mind, 10 senses and the 5 gross elements were born. Maharishis state that this ahamkara which is in the form of mind, senses and 5 gross elements, is none other than Lord Ananta. This Ananta, who has innumerable heads, is also known as Sankarshana.

Ahamkara has the following characteristics. In the form of Devatas (controlling deities), it assumes doership (kartrtva) of the action. In the form of the senses it assumes the role of an instrument (karanatva). In the form of the 5 gross elements, it assumes the role of the effect (kārya).

Ahamkara (sense of I-ness) influenced by traits of goodness (sattva) is tranquil and happy. When influenced by traits of passion (rajas) it is characterized by unsteadiness and violence. When influenced by traits of ignorance (tamas) it is characterized by infatuation and foolishness.

Satvik ahamkara (egoism born out of traits of goodness) transforms and from it mind is born.  From its intentions and imaginations, desires are born. This mind, which is the Lord of all the 10 senses, is known as Aniruddha. Aniruddha is bluish-black complexion like the winter lotus. Yogis gradually control their mind and then contemplate upon Him.

Thereafter rajasic ahamkara (egoism born out of traits of passion) transforms and from it intelligence is born. ‘Intelligence’ helps in learning about earth and about other objects that are under its purview. It helps the senses acquire knowledge about objects.

Doubts, confusion, decisiveness, recollection and deep sleep are the characteristics of intelligence (buddhi-tattva). Samśaya (doubts) implies having varied different types of understanding about a single object. Mistaking one object for another object means Viparya (confusion). It is mistaken identity. Firm decisive knowledge is Niscaya.

The organs of perception (jnanendriya) as well as the organs of action (karmendriya) emerge out of the traits of passion (rajasa ahamkara). Amongst them, action (karma) is dependent on energy of the life-force (praṇa) while perception is dependent on intelligence (buddhi).

The tamasa ahamkara (traits of ignorance) is instigated by the Lord’s Pure Consciousness and thereby transforms. From this subtle sound (sabda tanmatra) emerged. From this subtle sound, space was born.

Sound: The organ of hearing (ear) grasps the sound. Sound ensures that the meaning of the word is understood. To the person uttering the word, it helps him recollect. Sound is the subtle form of space.  All these are the characteristics of sound.

Space provides the opportunity for existence of objects within it. Moreover it pervades everything within and outside the object. That space which exists in the form of nadi-randhra becomes the shelter for the life-force (prana), mind and senses. These actions are the characteristics of space.

Wind &Touch: From the subtle sound, space was born. Due to the influence of time, this space transforms. From this transformation subtle touch (sparsha tanmatra) was born. Skin is the organ of touch perception. Heat, cold, softness and hardness are the characteristics of the touch.

From this subtle touch, wind was born. Wind is the cause for the movement of leaves and other objects. It gathers objects to one place. It is all pervading. It carries fragrances to the nose. It helps the sound reach the ear”.

Keshavaya namah

Permanent link to this article: https://puttugam.com/bhagawatam-152-emergence-of-cosmic-intelligence-mahat-as-well-as-of-sattvik-rajasic-and-tamasic-egoism-ahamkara/

Datta Maata 66: Discard non-vegetarian food

Our food itself gets transformed into our thoughts. The sattvic, rajasic and tamasic food create the sattva, rajo and tamo gunas (attributes) respectively. Hence, we have to be very careful with respect to food.

While describing about food, Bhishma mentioned to Dharmaraja that non-vegetarian food must be shunned because it involves violence. Then Dharmaraja said “Ahimsa paramo dharmaha” – Ahimsa (Non-violence) is the greatest dharma. He further asked Bhishma to preach him about the principle behind non-violence. Bhishma went on describing. The footprints of the smaller animals gets merged with that of a larger foot print of an elephant. Similarly, crores of rules of righteousness are merging into non-violence. Hence, Ahimsa is said to be the king of Dharma. It can be compared to that of a cow. So, Dharma has four legs. Even if one leg becomes crooked, dharma in the world will degenerate.

The violence done through mind, mouth, body and consuming flesh are the brutal sins. Because of these four acts, the four legs of the cow called Dharma will be affected. Hence, our elders say that it is wrong to eat flesh. Only if one gives up the above four qualities, it can be considered non-violent dharma. However, those who are used to the taste of flesh cannot give up the habit so easily. Our sages have told us that giving up the habit of eating flesh is a satkarma (good karma) that surpasses even Ashwamedha yaga. The scriptures of dharma say that those who eat flesh will become prey to that flesh again. But, those who eat flesh and even after tasting it, if they give up, then they are considered equal to demi-gods. They are called as demi-gods. They will get the blessings of all the beings and also the king of all beings (Shiva). Those who cannot give it up completely must do so gradually in stages. If one can shun the habit of eating non-vegetarian food in the months (as per lunar calendar) of Ashada, Karthika, Magha and Vishaka, then gradually one can get rid of the habit.

With sattvic food, one can develop the sattvic attributes and thereafter get the darshan of God. This was the teaching of Bhishma to Dharmaraja. By eating flesh, the demonic attributes and tamo guna shoot up giving way to desires and anger which land us in mistakes. How did mahatmas and noble souls win over the desires? There are many who survive only on butter milk and coconut water. Let us consider an elephant. Does it consume any flesh? But, it is extremely strong. It only eats leaves and grass. Now, let us consider tiger. It eats flesh and at the same time, it perishes early. The elephant lives for years together. It survives despite not finding any food. But the tiger will become lean if it does not find food for 10 days. Hence, you need not psychologically worry that you will die out of starvation by not eating flesh and eggs. All nutrients are found even in sattvic food.

Jai Guru Datta! Sri Guru Datta!

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