Puttugam2

Nārada continued, “O Vyasa, as it is human beings are inclined towards materialistic comforts. You have taught them about frutitive actions so far. These ignorant persons, believing your words, consider only frutitive actions (actions done with expectation of some results) as dharma and hold on tightly to them. As a result of holding on to these frutitive actions they are unable to give up differentiation and accept with the right perspective, the Vedic statements that speak about liberation. This is not correct.

‘Performing frutitive actions (actions expecting some result) is most important. Such actions themselves lead towards liberation’ they wrongly believe. They consider that by performing pious deeds they get double benefits i.e. while on earth they can enjoy a happy comfortable life and at the same time, enjoy all comforts of heaven when they reach there. They believe that this is the ultimate state. Hence they are not at all inclined towards attaining Self-realization and walking on that path towards liberation (moksha).

Only a well-learned person who has totally given up frutitive actions, and who has absolute dedication towards knowledge can understand the blissful state of that omniscient, omnipresent Supreme Lord. How can ordinary persons reach such a state which is within reach of only a well-learned pundit?

Therefore O great saint! Please teach the specialities of the Lord for the benefit of those human beings who are attached to this body, to this materialistic world and who are caught in these trigunas (three attributes).

Tyaktvā sva-dharmaṁ caraṇāmbujaṁ harer

bhajann apakvo ‘tha patet tato yadi

Yatra kva vābhadram abhūd amuṣya kiṁ

ko vārtha āpto ‘bhajatāṁ sva-dharmataḥ

The person who has given up his swadharma (his dharmic duties) to serve the lotus feet of Lord Srihari can never obtain inauspiciousness, even if he slips from the path or dies before attaining completeness in devotion. However even if a person strictly adheres to his stipulated duties (swadharma), but lacks devotion towards Srihari, his adherence to swadharma can never yield auspicious results in this birth, in heaven or in the next.

Therefore an intelligent and wise person should strive only to serve the lotus feet of the Lord! Those persons who are trapped in completing frutitive actions and reaping the fruits which arise from those actions can never reach the abode of Srihari!

 As a result of their meritorious deeds on earth they reach heaven and enjoy the comforts there. Upon exhaustion of this balance they come down to earth and once again perform deeds so that they can attain heaven. They are trapped in this cycle. 

Performing any number of highly valued meritorious deeds, conducting supreme Yagnas, attaining expertise in various fields of knowledge, authoring crores of books or any other achievements is a waste if devotion towards the Supreme is missing”.

Swamiji explains: You are a learned pundit; you have authored many valuable books; your name will remain on earth forever, all these achievements are your own and are valuable only if you have devotion to the Supreme Lord! They will trap you in the cycle of re-births if devotion (bhakti) is missing. The same actions when performed with devotion to Lord Hari shower good results in this plane, in the next plane and also in the subsequent birth!

“Due to the influence of time which moves at speeds that are beyond the capacity of the intellect, the living entity, irrespective of his location, continues to experience his prarabdha karma (the portion of the total karma destined to be experienced in this life). As a result, he experiences joys and sorrows in the normal course of life. The frutitive actions of earlier births lead to joyful and sorrowful experiences in this birth. Your comforts, power, position all have their roots in previous actions.

Therefore O Vyasa! The person who serves Lord Srihari can never ever get trapped in this samsara i.e. the repeated cycle of re-births! This is irrefutable! This is because he has tasted the nectar called “service to the lotus feet of the Lord”. He will never ever be inclined to stay away from Lord Śrihari.

O Vyasa, creation, sustenance and destruction of this universe takes place due to Lord Srihari. Neither this world nor the individual have an existence that is separate from that Him! However the Supreme Lord is aloof from this creation. This knowledge is known to you and I am just defining to you one aspect of the Supreme.

You are highly knowledgeable and are in reality without birth. But solely for the welfare of the people, you took birth as an aspect of that Supreme Lord. Remember this. In extreme detail explain to the people of this world the specialities and the glorious deeds of that Supreme Lord.

Highly knowledgeable persons (jnanis) state that the austerities, Vedic studies, Yagna and other rituals, good words, knowledge and charitable deeds become meaningful and attain fulfillment only when the person praises the glorious deeds of that Supreme Lord.

“O Maharishi! In the previous kalpa (creation) I was born as the son of a maid-servant. When I was a small boy I was entrusted with the task of serving some great saints who had come there for their Chaturmasya austerities. Even though I was very small, not showing any inclination towards toys and other childish games, I was eternally engrossed in serving these eminent saints and abiding by their orders. I would not talk much. These great saints were impartial towards all forms of life. Even then, they developed feelings of deep compassion towards me. With the permission of those great saints I once ate the left-over food from their plates. With this, all my sins were totally destroyed. In this way through serving them my mind became totally pure. I developed deep dedication towards practice of dharma.

Everyday these great saints would joyfully sing the praises of Lord Srikrishna. I heard them with total dedication. As a result I developed love and devotion towards Lord Srikrishna. The increased devotion brought stability to my mind. It is only through devotion that the mind can be stabilized!

With such a firm mind I could realize that this entire world and this body of mine have emerged purely because of ignorance. In this way, by keenly listening to the glories of that infinite Lord being rendered by these great saints thrice daily, I could attain that state of devotion which could destroy my trigunas.

Thus through pure love, control of senses, humility and dedication I, who had offered them services, was totally cleansed of all my sins. At the time of their departure after Chaturmasya vrata, the great saints, who eternally show compassion towards the downtrodden, preached the ultimate secretive Bhāgawatam, to me, who was just a child and who was thus purified. They had learnt this Bhāgawatam directly from the Lord.

Om Namo Narayana.

One day, great sage Vyasa was deeply perturbed and selecting an isolated place on the banks of the ever pure River Saraswati, began reflecting within himself in the following manner:

‘I have, with strict discipline and total dedication, worshipped the Vedas, Gurus and Agni (fire) and have abided by their orders. In addition, I have also offered to the world, Mahabharata which explains the entire essence of the Vedas. Through this Mahabharata, even ladies and shudras can understand the rules of righteousness (dharma). With this deed, every being has now attained the eligibility to understand the sacred rules.

Even after so many deeds, why does the inner being within me feel incomplete, when I am totally complete? Why does it appear as if it is ignorant when it is all-knowing? Why does this vacuum envelop me? Why am I blank? Why is it that I cannot see anything?

From this it is to be understood that I have not primarily explained about those dharmas that take a being towards Godhead. May be I have not clearly elaborated upon the path that leads to Paramātma. Perhaps I myself do not know about it. May be this is the cause for my dissatisfaction. This is because the dharmas that are extremely dear to the all-knowing supreme saints are also exceptionally dear to the Supreme Lord Maha-Vishnu.’ In this way the great sage lamented.

At this juncture, when the saint considering himself an incomplete being, was lamenting due to dissatisfaction, Maharishi Nārada paid him a visit. Noticing the arrival of Maharishi Narada, Maharishi Vyasa got up and welcomed him warmly. With due respect and reverence, he worshipped the great saint.

With this the 4^th sub-chapter of the first canto comes to an end.

First Canto Fifth Chapter

This chapter contains the conversation between saints Nārada and Vyasa, the greatness of extolling the deeds and traits of the Supreme Lord as well as the story of Nārada’s previous birth as told by Nārada to Vyasa.

Maharishi Suta said, “Maharishi Nārada, who is of limitless fame, who holds a Veena in his hand and who is eternally at peace, seated himself comfortably and then smilingly addressed Maharishi Vyasa who was seated by his side, as follows:

‘O Mahatma, are you blissful and happy? Are your body, mind, senses, atma (Self) eternally blissful in contemplation of the Supreme Lord? Not only have you understood all the rules of righteousness (dharma) but you have also put them perfectly into practice. You have composed the Mahabharata, which is totally replete with dharma and which is wondrous composition. Mahabharata contains the complete essence of all sacred texts. You have contemplated on the eternal principle of Brahma (Brahma tattva) and have attained Self-realization. Even after all these deeds, it appears as if you are dejected. Why is this so? Why are you unhappy? Why do you feel as if there is a vacuum within you and as if you have not accomplished anything?’

To this Maharishi Vyasa replied, “O Brahmarishi Nārada! O great saint! What you have spoken until now was undoubtedly the truth. I do agree with all that you had mentioned now. Nevertheless, my mind is unhappy. I am unable to figure out the reason behind this. O all-knowing saint, you possess unlimited knowledge. I beseech you to tell me the reason behind this dissatisfaction that I am experiencing.

O great Maharishi Nārada, you have worshipped the non-dual Supreme Lord. You will be aware of the hidden reason behind this sorrow of mine. Akin to the Sun you travel across all the three planes. With the strength of Yoga, like the wind you are able to enter into all beings and watch all the activities of their mind as a witness.

In matters pertaining to Parabrahma, I have righteously adhered to strict disciplines and total dedication and have become well versed in it. Why then am I experiencing these feelings of incompleteness? Why this sorrow? Why am I having this dissatisfaction?”

Maharishi Nārada replied, “O Maharishi! It can be said that you have not elaborated upon the greatest accomplishment/ glories of the Supreme God, isn’t it? In my opinion, that knowledge which does not cause happiness to the Supreme Lord is always an incomplete knowledge. You have given limitless knowledge undoubtedly to the world. But in that, is there anything that speaks about divine glories or that which helps understand His essence? Life attains fulfillment only when that knowledge, which causes great happiness to the Lord and which bestows the person with divine vision, is obtained.

O Vyasa, you have not explained the glorious deeds of Lord Vāsudeva as elaborately as you have explained dharmas and puruśarthas (four goals of life). Saints consider those words, which, even after containing essence (rasa) and decoration (alamkara), cannot sanctify the universe and which do not explain the glorious deeds of the Lord, as akin to a place that is meant for enjoyment of crows. In other words a place meant for people who seek sensuous enjoyments. Saints, men who possess a very pure mind and those who are like swans can never be happy in such a place.

Poetic verses that glorify the Supreme Lord and which contain divine names that extol His limitless divine deeds are the very best, for they destroy the sins of people, even if they contain grammatical errors or incorrect words! 

Saints and pure hearted persons enjoy listening to these names of the Lord being recited by anyone! If there is no one to sing these divine glories, they themselves sing these divine names.

Being established in the supreme truth (Brahma niṣṭa) while being free from all karmic bondages, leads the person towards that knowledge which is essential for liberation. But this same supreme knowledge does not bestow the same results, if it is unaccompanied by devotion to Lord Hari. This is my opinion. This being the case, what more needs to be said about those actions performed for the fulfillment of selfish desires and hence which are not surrendered to the Lord?

Therefore O great Saint! For this reason, you, who are steadfast in truthfulness as well as in your vows, in order to destroy all your bondages and to obtain peace of mind, should recollect all the well known glories of that infinite Supreme Lord Hari who possesses unlimited capacities.

On the other hand, a person who tries to describe something apart from the glories of that Supreme Lord cannot rest peacefully and with stability at any given place. Such intellect which has lost its balance due to focusing on the creations of that Lord instead of on Him, is like a boat that is troubled due to high winds.

By nature a person is inclined towards materialistic comforts and enjoyments. In the name of adherence to dharma, you have taught them performance of frutitive actions (actions expecting some results). This is not fair. You have taught them to increase their actions (karma) and to enjoy the resultant fruits of those actions. ‘This karma will shower good results. That good deed will bless you will abundant money and materialistic comforts. This particular action will lead to good progeny. With completion of this good deed you will be blessed with emperorship over a vast kingdom’. This is what you have taught them. But nowhere have you taught them about attaining liberation.

Om Namo Narayana

Maharishi Śounaka continued, “Parikshit, the son of Abhimanyu, is considered to be the most supreme amongst devotees. Please explain to us the details of his birth and his deeds which are astonishing. What was the reason for this supreme emperor, who brought great fame to the lineage of Pandavas, to give up all palatial luxuries and sit on the banks of Ganga awaiting death? Please explain all this to us.

Even enemy kings would, for their own safety and welfare, offer many forms of riches and gold to Parikshit and pay obeisance to his feet. Such was his valour and youth. How could such a great king give up in totality all those riches and luxuries, which is impossible under normal circumstances? What was the reason behind this development? Please explain in detail all these astonishing facts.

Only those who totally surrender to the Lord and who live solely for the wellbeing, prosperity and happiness of the world, behave in an exalted manner. Such people do not act out of selfish desires. Nor do they live for fulfillment of their selfish desires. Emperor Parikshit belonged to this category. After having attained dispassion (vairāgya) why did he give up his body, which was being used only to bring about the benefit of others in the universe?  What was the reason?

O great saint! Please answer all these questions of ours in detail. Barring some Vedic statements, you have attained great expertise in other forms of knowledge including all Shastras”.

In reply to these questions, Maharishi Suta said as follows-

“Dvāpare samanuprāpte tṛtīye yuga-paryaye

Jātaḥ parāśarād yogī vāsavyāṁ kalayā hareḥ

When Dwarpara Yuga, the third eon, was coming to an end the great Maharishi Vyasa was born to Maharishi Paraśara from the womb of Satyavati, daughter of Vasu. Maharishi Vyasa was a partial incarnation of Mahavishnu and He was supremely knowledgeable by birth.

One day, Maharishi Vyasa bathed in the River Saraswati during the early hours and selecting an isolated place sat down quietly. The great saint possessed divine vision and hence could see the past, present and future. He foresaw in the course of time, dharma (righteousness) depleting through the various different eons (Yugas) on earth. In addition he also foresaw the deterioration of the gross body and of its energies due to non-adherence to righteousness by the people of these eons. He realized that there would be deterioration of both the physical energy and intelligence amongst people. The unlucky people, due to lack of dedication, purity and goodness would be dull-headed and would have a very short span of life.

He sat there pondered about a solution by which welfare of all beings across all castes and all ashramas (stages of life) could be brought about.

In future people would be foolish, lazy, sleepy, will live only for food, will be full of desires, anger will rule them, diseases will overtake them. Dedication and purity will not be visible in them. They will not have longevity. Time is flying fast. In what way can these people be helped?

He realized that through the process of Vedic rituals these persons could be uplifted. Through these Vedic rituals the mind of the persons could be cleansed. With the intent that such Vedic rituals and Yagnas should continue without a break and that the all planes should prosper, this great Maharishi took the entire heap of Vedas, which was considered a single unit until that point of time, and divided it into four groups viz., Rig, Yujur and Sāma and Atharva. Puranas and itihasa (history) were called the fifth Veda.

Maharishi Paila became well versed in Rig Veda, Maharishi Jaimini in Sama Veda and Maharishi Vaishampayana in Yajur Veda. Maharishi Sumantu attained expertise in Atharva Veda. My father Romaharsha established himself in Itihasa and Purana” said Maharishi Suta.

He further continued, “The eminent saints, in turn, further divided the Veda that they had taken over, into many sub-divisions (śākhas). Then they handed over these śākhas to their disciples, disciples of their disciples and then again to the disciples of those disciples and so on. In this way many branches arose.

Due to extreme love and compassion towards the needy, Maharishi Vyasa divided Vedas into so many branches, in a way such that even dull headed human beings could grasp.

Vedas and the rituals prescribed by the Vedas are the tools for ultimate prosperity. But Vedas themselves declare that ladies, shudras (lowest caste) and men who have not undergone the thread ceremony are ineligible for Veda recitation. In order that even these people should benefit, the ever compassionate Maharishi Vyasa, composed the Mahabharata, which contains the entire essence of the Vedas. In this manner Maharishi Vyasa, for the welfare of all forms of living beings, utilized his entire energies to the maximum capacity”.

Here it only states that those who do not have the eligibility to chant the Gayatri mantra cannot undertake those tasks. It does not prohibit one and all in general. There are many other Puranas and other texts which others, who are not initiated into Gayatri mantra, can take up.

“Even after completing these supreme tasks, Maharishi did not attain mental peace. Even after working for the benefit of the entire mankind he was not at peace”.

Om Namo Narayana.

“When Krishna gave up his human body and returned to his abode in Vaikunta, together with his dharma and jnana, people became dull headed. They lost the divine eye of knowledge. In order to open the eyes of these dull headed beings this Sun called Bhagawatam Purana has arisen” said Maharishi Suta.

With this the 3^rd chapter of the first Canto comes to an end.

First Canto Chapter Four 

In this chapter the greatness of Maharishi Śuka, the dissatisfaction of Maharishi Vedavyasa and the arrival of Maharishi Nārada to the ashrama of Maharishi Vedavyasa are covered.

All the saints led by Śounaka Maharishi were keenly listening to this detailed narration of the specialities in the incarnations of the Supreme Lord. Amongst the saints who had assembled to perform the ‘deergha satra yāga’ ritual Maharishi Śounaka was the most supreme. He had more than 10,000 disciples and was an exponent in Rig Veda. This great Maharishi Śounaka extolled Maharishi Suta in various ways and said,

“Sūta sūta mahā-bhāga vada no vadatāṁ vara

Kathāṁ bhāgavatīṁ puṇyāṁ yad āha bhagavāñ śukaḥ

O Maharishi Suta! You are the most supreme amongst the orators! Please narrate to us the eternally pious stories of the Supreme Lord, the divine Bhāgawatam, which you had heard from Maharishi Śuka.

When did this sacred text originate? What were the reasons behind its origin? Which eon (yuga) does it belong to? What is it that inspired Maharishi Vedavyasa to compose this sacred text? Please explain all these in detail.

Maharishi Śuka, the son of Maharishi Vedavyasa, is an eminent learned scholar and an exponent in Self-knowledge. He is able to visualize the Self everywhere. He does not have feelings of differentiation (bheda buddhi). The mind of this great saint, which has awakened from the deep slumber called egoism (ahamkara), is eternally focussed upon the Lord. His greatness is not visible to this external eye. Therefore ordinary beings consider Him to be a fool.

When Maharishi Śuka left home and began to move about alone, his father Maharishi Vedavyasa followed him. As Maharishi Śuka was crossing a pond, divine damsels who were swimming naked in those waters were not even slightly perturbed upon seeing him. Happily, without any hesitation, they continued to play in those waters. A little time later, Maharishi Vedavyasa, an aged saint who was fully clothed arrived at same pond. Seeing Vyasa these damsels were deeply perturbed and bashfully hurried to cover their bodies with clothes.

Maharishi Vyasa was astonished with this behavior and asked the damsels, “Why was it that you were unperturbed with the presence of Śuka who is in the prime of his youth and who was naked? I am an old man and fully clothed. Why then are you disturbed with my presence?”

To this the damsels politely replied, “O Maharishi! You have not yet got over the male-female differentiation. Your son Maharishi Śuka, who is eternally pure and who possesses a divine eye, does not have any form of differentiation”.

How did the citizens of Hastinapura recognize Maharishi Śuka, who had arrived there after wandering through the Kuru and Jangāla kingdoms, and who roamed about like a mad, dumb and mentally retarded person?

O Suta Maharishi! How could Emperor Parikshit, who belonged to the lineage of the Pandavas, get this good association with Maharishi Śuka? How did the conversation between them progress? During that conversation how and in which manner did Śuka Yogi explain Bhāgawatam?

The house wherein this Śuka yogi places his foot, the place where he arrives and the pond where he enters are instantly rendered pure! Such a great saint Śuka stays in people’s houses only for that much time as is needed to milk a cow. He instantly thereafter leaves that place. How could such a great saint stay in the home of Parikshit, who was a householder, for a period of a week? Isn’t this surprising?

Śuka yogindra is an Avadhoota. We do not know whom he will bless with his vision. He does not stay for long at any place. We do not know with whom he will talk. He appears like a dumb mad man. He will run in any direction as it pleases him. Such a person cannot stay in any house for 7 continuous days. How could he stay for such a long period of time in the house of Parikshit?” in this way Maharishi Śounaka and others questioned Maharishi Suta.

Om Namo Narayana.

Maharishi Suta continued, “Knowledge is the form of the Supreme Lord!  Such a Lord does not need a gross body with hands, legs etc. when he has another carrier (body) which over and above the triguṇās, which is not subject to transformations, which is subtle, unseen and unheard. This body is known as subtle body (sookṣma sareera). This subtle body is responsible for re-births of the individual being.

When a person, with ripened knowledge, is able to understand that the gross and subtle bodies are not the Self (atma), he attains Self-realization! In other words he comes out of the delusion that the gross and subtle bodies were the Self. He now attains God realization and becomes Parabrahma!

Parameshwara is inherently the form of discriminatory intelligence (buddhi).  When illusion vanishes completely, the individual becomes enlightened. He attains Self- realization. This is what the enlightened saints declare! The individual who thus attains his original form enjoys supreme bliss. He will remain in that state itself.

The learned pundits describe in the following manner the births as well as the secretive actions (veda rahasya karma) of that Supreme Lord who resides within the hearts of one and all, who inherently is devoid of birth as well as action and which have come to Him on account of illusion (māya).

The ever-competent Lord playfully creates this universe, rules over it and finally wipes it out. But He does not develop any form of connection with this universe created by Him. Being unaffected, He remains an eternal witness. He does not develop any association with any living being. He has no inclination in matters pertaining to this material universe.

He seats himself within the hearts of all living beings, controls the 5 senses and mind, and appears as if He tastes the joys-sorrows of this universe. The truth is that He does not experience them; He appears to be experiencing them. He has no connection whatsoever with these happenings. Foolish, ignorant persons can never understand the playful activities of the Lord, who is protecting and ruling this world.

Only those who are honest and non-deceitful, who with full devotion are ever engaged in spiritual austerities, who lead a good righteous life and who smell the divine fragrance from His lotus feet can obtain His vision and understand the inner significance behind the playful activities of the Lord who holds the discus in His hand and who possesses unsurpassed valour.

It is imperative that the mind should be pure and full of devotion. A pure mind, a heart full of devotion,  a pure life, gentleness in speech, not hurting feelings of others, being respectful towards all objects in this creation and yet not developing any inclination towards them are the characteristics that every good devotee of the Lord cultivates. This comes from visiting the premises of the Lord. Only such a person can understand the essence of the Supreme Lord.

Therefore, O Maharishis! All of you are blessed. This is because you seek to know about the Supreme Lord Mahavishnu. In this birth itself you have obtained the required devotion and love towards the Lord. You could attain this in a single birth. Only when supreme love and devotion towards the Lord co-exist, this is possible.

Many speak eloquently about these qualities of love and devotion towards the Supreme; they preach a lot about it. They address huge gatherings and conduct large debates on this topic. They write books on the importance of developing unsurpassed devotion and love towards the Supreme. But in their life they are unable to convert this into action.

On the other hand, O Maharishis, you have been able to put this into practice. You are truly blessed. Those who possess minds with such pure feelings will not get trapped in this whirlpool of repeated re-births!”

Swamiji explains: Repeated births and deaths is a whirlpool. The moment the person is trapped in a whirlpool he cannot exit from it, no matter how good a swimmer he may be. For this reason expert swimmers estimate the location of the whirlpool before entering the waters of the lakes and rivers. They swim without touching this whirlpool. Those who have no such estimation about whirlpools, blindly jump in to swim and get trapped in the whirlpool. Once he is trapped, that’s the end. He has no escape.

Here the cycle of births and deaths have been compared to a whirlpool from which here is no escape. But even here there is hope. If the being perchance contemplates about the Lord or thinks of his glories, this dangerous whirlpool can do him no harm.

“Idaṁ bhāgavataṁ nāma purāṇaṁ brahma-sammitam

Uttama-śloka-caritaṁ cakāra bhagavān ṛṣiḥ

Bhagawān Vedavyasa, who was an incarnation of the Lord, composed this sacred Purāṇa called Bhāgawatam which is equivalent of the Vedas and which contains the glorious stories of the Lord.

Niḥśreyasāya lokasya dhanyaṁ svasty-ayanaṁ mahat

Tad idaṁ grāhayām āsa sutam ātmavatāṁ varam

With the intention of uplifting the human world, Maharishi Vedavyasa, composed this sacred scripture called Bhāgawatam which is greatly laudable and that which is the root for all forms of auspiciousness. He further taught this knowledge to his son Maharishi Śuka who was an exponent in the knowledge of Self-realization.

In this sacred Bhāgawatam the essence of all the Vedas is contained! Further the entire essence of Ramayana and Mahabharata is also embedded into this sacred text! Maharishi Śuka imparted this knowledge to Emperor Parikshit, who awaiting death had abstained from food, and who was seated on the banks of River Ganga surrounded by sages.

At that time when Maharishi Śuka who was of unparalled radiance preached this Bhāgawatam, I, seated amongst the saints, also understood a little of it. Now subject to my understanding, I shall preach the same to you as I have heard and understood” said Suta Maharishi.

“When Krishna gave up his human body and returned to his abode in Vaikunṭha together with his dharma (rules of righteousness) and jnana (knowledge) people became dull headed. They lost the divine eye of knowledge. In order to open the eyes of these dull headed persons this Sun called Bhagawata Purana has arisen”.

Om Namo Narayana.