Puttugam2

We have to compulsorily listen to every name in Bhagawatam. Here through the names, all the different times that occur during day and also during night are explained. Even those time slots that take place when we are asleep at night are also detailed. Only when all names are heard in detail it amounts to understanding Bhagawatam.

Anga’s wife was Suneetha. They had a son named Vena, who was wicked by nature. Upset with the son’s wicked nature, father Anga, who was of a saintly nature, left the kingdom and went away into the forests.

The words of Maharishis are as powerful as thunderbolt! Angered with Vena’s wicked ways, they cursed him. As a result of this curse, Vena died. With Vena’s death, the kingdom was without a king. With the absence of a leader, thieves and dacoits moved about freely within the kingdom. The kingdom became unruly and citizens suffered.

Maharishis who observed this chaotic situation, pondered about the solution. They then churned the hands of Vena. From these hands emerged Prithu, a partial incarnation of Narayana”.

Maitreya Maharishi said to Vidura that Prithu was the first emperor to regulate the kingdom and its administration.

Vidura questioned, “O revered one, Emperor Anga was a repository of every noble trait. He was an epitome of generosity and kindness. He held Vedic scholars in high esteem. He was broad-mined. Heart-broken at the atrocious deeds of his son, this noble king left the kingdom and went into the forests. What could be the reason for him to beget such a wicked son?

Maharishis are firmly established in righteousness. They are eternally dedicated towards protection of people. What was the reason for such Maharishis to curse King Vena? What were his sins?

Nāvadhyeyaḥ prajā-pālaḥ prajābhir aghavān api

Yad asau loka-pālānāṁ bibharty ojaḥ sva-tejasā

Even if the king, the protector of the citizens, commits any mistake the citizens do not have the right to insult him. This is because the King, due to his might, has the radiance of Guardian-deities.

I am therefore desirous of knowing about the atrocities committed by Suneetha’s son Vena. O Maharishi, you are well versed in past, present and future. Please enlighten me.”

Maitreya Maharishi replied, “The saintly emperor Anga performed the meritorious Ashwamedha Yagna. The Devatas did not attend the Yagna even though the priests invoked them through proper procedures. The astonished priests said to the king, “O Emperor, with total dedication and without any faults we have conducted the Yagna and made the required offerings to the Devatas. With absolute discipline we have chanted all mantras in proper sequence. Our chanting is perfect, powerful and defect-free.

Na vidāmeha devānāṁ helanaṁ vayam aṇv api

Yan na gṛhṇanti bhāgān svān ye devāḥ karma-sākṣiṇaḥ

Yet, the Devatas who play a significant role in Vedic rituals (vaidika karma) are not coming forward to accept their share of yagna offerings. We are at a loss to understand what could have gone wrong”.

Emperor Anga was deeply distressed upon hearing this. He wanted to consult the assembly and find the reason for the unhappiness of the Devatas. Taking permission from the priests, he broke his silence.

He addressed the assembly and said, “Members of this assembly, in this Yagna, Devatas are not coming forward to accept the offerings made to them. What is my mistake? Please enlighten me of it.”

The assembled priests and others replied, “O emperor, you have not committed even the slightest mistake with respect to this Yagna. However, your sin from your previous birth has become an obstacle for begetting progeny in this birth.

O emperor! Kindly heed our advice. With this you will be blessed with virtuous progeny and your desire will be fulfilled. You will be blessed with auspiciousness. It is Srihari who accepts the Yagna offerings. Therefore, with the intent of obtaining a son worship Him through Yagna. He will bless you with a son. When the Supreme Lord Srihari is invoked and worshipped, automatically all Devatas come and accept their share of Yagna offerings. Your desire will be fulfilled. Srihari blesses his devotees by rewarding them with objects of their desire. The result for worshipping Lord Srihari will be in accordance with the intent behind the worship”.

Deciding that King Anga should be blessed with a son, the priests now began a Yagna to propitiate Srihari.

Srihari is the Self who resides in every being. He is also the embodiment of Yagna. To Him, they offered Purodāśa, a paste made by frying rice flour in ghee, into the Yagna fire. Then, from that fire pit there appeared a celestial being. He was wearing golden garlands and pure clean clothing. In His hand was a golden vessel containing the sweet dish pāyasam.

With the permission of the priests, Emperor Anga accepted this dish with his joined palms and smelt it. In great happiness, he gave it to his wife.

With great devotion and reverence Suneetha accepted this offering and ate it. Shortly thereafter she conceived through her husband”.

Pradyumnāya namah.

Pradyumnāya namah

Fourth Canto Chapter Thirteen

In this chapter birth of Emperor Prithu in Dhruva’s lineage; Emperor Anga leaving the kingdom tired of his son Vena’s misdeeds are covered.

Addressing Śounaka and others, Maharishi Suta said, “Maitreya Maharishi narrated to Vidura the entire story of Dhruva including his accession to Vaikunta. After listening to this story, Vidura was firmly established in devotion towards Srihari, the Lord who is beyond the understanding of the mind and the senses. He then asked,

“O Maharishi, you had earlier mentioned that Maharishi Narada profusely extolled Dhruva’s greatness in the sacrificial hall where Pracetās and others were conducting a Yagna. Who were Pracetās? To which lineage did they belong? Where did they perform the Satra Yāga?

Manye mahā-bhāgavataṁ nāradaṁ deva-darśanam

Yena proktaḥ kriyā-yogaḥ paricaryā-vidhir hareḥ

Narada Maharishi is that supreme personality who has had the vision of Lord Srihari and therefore has fulfilled the goal of life. Only Devatas are blessed to have his darshan. He eternally teaches devotees the various ways to obtain vision of Lord Srihari. He has taught the Yoga of action (Kriya yoga) which contains the procedure of worshipping Lord Srihari and undertaking pilgrimages.

Through the process of Puja, the devotee can reach Srihari. Pracetās are eternally inclined towards their own dharmic duties (swadharma). While they were worshipping Lord Srihari, the embodiment of Yagna, through the process of Satra Yāga, Narada Maharishi, the crown jewel amongst devotees, arrived and glorified Dhruva, who had obtained liberation from Srihari.

O Maharishi, I am desirous of hearing the stories of the Lord, as narrated by Maharishi Narada in this Satra Yāga. Please explain this in detail”.

Hearing these words of Vidura, Maharishi Maitreya replied, “After Dhruva retired to the forests for meditation (vanaprasta), his son Utkala became the king. However Utkala had no interest in materialistic riches or in ruling the kingdom.

Sa janmanopaśāntātmā niḥsaṅgaḥ sama-darśanaḥ

Dadarśa loke vitatam ātmānaṁ lokam ātmani

By birth Utkala was disinterested and unattached (nissanga) to this world. He was not in the least inclined towards worldly comforts or attachments. Like his father, he was firmly devoted to the all-pervading Lord Srihari.

He had experientially realized that the entire world exists only in the Self’s illumination (pure consciousness, atma chaitanya) and that this entire world is pervaded by this atma chaitanya. He saw the entire world as existing within him and also that he was pervading the entire world.

The fire called relentless contemplation upon the Supreme Brahma, which was burning in his mind, reduced all his karmic bondages to ashes. He realized that the non-dual Parabrahma, who did not have even a trace of sorrow, was none other than his individual Self (pratyag atma).

That Supreme Lord, who is an embodiment of bliss, is indivisible, changeless and eternal. As everything exists only within this Self’s illumination, it necessarily pervades everything. Utkala the liberated being (jeevan mukta), considered Parabrahma was his own original form (swaroopa) and hence did not find anything apart from the Self anywhere.

To the ignorant, dull-witted persons he appeared like a fool, mad, dumb, deaf and blind man. However in reality he was an exponent in Supreme Knowledge (jnani). He was like fire that was covered with ash.

The elders and the ministers in that kingdom considered Utkala to be mad. One day, all of them appointed his younger brother i.e. Brahmi’s son Vatsara as the king of the land.

When the meaning contained in their names is studied, the special significance hidden in them will be understood.

Dhruva’s first son was Utkala. Ut-kāla means he who has conquered the wheel of time. He is a Brahma-jnani. Dhruva’s other wife was Brahmi. Brahmi means ‘rotation of the wheel of time’ (bramana). Brahmi’s son is Vatsara. One year is called sam-vatsara. One year is symbolic of the divisions within time. Vatsara’s dearest wife was Svarvīthi. Svarvīthi means ‘the path of the Sun’.

The couple Vatsara and Svarvīthi had 6 sons viz., Puṣpārṇa, Tigmaketu, īśa, Urja, Vasu and Jaya. These six sons are the presiding deities for the six seasons.

Among them, Puṣpārṇa had two wives- Prabha and Doṣa. These two are the presiding deities for day and night respectively. Prabha had three sons viz., Pratah, Mādhyāndinam and Sāyam, who are also the presiding deities for the respective divisions within the day.

Doṣa had three sons viz., Pradoṣa, Niśīta and Vyuṣṭa. Pradoṣa is the beginning of night. Niśīta is the midnight. Vyuṣṭa is the last part of the night. Vyuṣṭa’s wife was Puṣkarini. Puṣkarini means the lotus filled pond that is visible just prior sunrise. Puṣkarini’s son was Sarvatejas. Sarvatejas means the all-pervading illumination that is seen at the fag end of the night.

Ākuti was the wife of Sarvatejas. Their son was Cākṣusa. He became a Manu, head of a millennium. Nadvala, the wife of Cākṣusa gave birth to Puru, Kutsa, Trita, Dyumna, Satyavān, Rta, Vrata, Agniṣṭoma, Atirātra, Pradyumna, Śibi and Ulmuka. All of them were faultless and pure.

Among them Ulmuka’s wife was Puṣkarini. Through her he begot 6 virtuous sons viz., Anga, Sumana, Khyāti, Kratu, Angirasa and Gaya.

Aniruddhāya namah

Dhruva stepped upon death and mounted the celestial plane. Can anyone ever step upon death? Here it should be understood that he conquered death. Death came so as to help him board the celestial airplane.

At that moment Gandharvas beat celestial drums, kettles, trumpets etc. Tumbura and other senior Gandharvas sang melodiously. It rained flowers.

Dhruva, who was about to leave for divine planes, remembered his mother Suneeti. ‘O, I am leaving my helpless mother behind and going to those divine planes which are otherwise impossible to reach’, he thought. Sunanda and Nanda read Dhruva’s thoughts. They showed him the celestial aircraft in which Suneeti was travelling ahead of them on the divine path.

At various places Devatas showered flowers upon Dhruva and praised him. Dhruva’s plane crossed all the planets and was swiftly moving forward. Travelling on the divine path in this celestial plane, Dhruva crossed the three worlds and the constellation of the seven sages (saptarishi mandala). He comfortably arrived at Srihari’s abode which was beyond these planes. In this way he obtained the permanent deathless destination.

Srihari’s abode is Self-illuminating. In its illumination these three worlds illumine. Only those supremely noble meritorious beings who have feelings of compassion towards all forms of life and who involve in auspicious deeds are able to reach this supreme destination. The wicked who have no compassion towards all living beings can never ever reach this place.

Śāntāḥ sama-dṛśaḥ śuddhāḥ sarva-bhūtānu-rañjanāḥ

Yānty añjasācyuta-padam-acyuta-priya-bāndhavāḥ

Those who enjoy a happy, peaceful mind, who see the Supreme Lord as existing everywhere, who possess an absolutely pure mind, who keep all forms of life happy, who consider Srihari and His ardent devotees as their own relatives easily reach this supreme destination.

Dhruva, the son of Uttānapāda, possessed an absolutely pure mind, had unflinching faith towards Srihari reached the final destination known as Srihari’s abode. He shone like a crown jewel for all the three worlds”.

In this way Maitreya Maharishi glorified Dhruva. He then said to Vidura, “Just as a herd of bulls revolve speedily around the central pole in a field where the paddy is being husked, this solar system swiftly and forcefully revolves around this pole star (Dhruva mandala) under whose control it exists.

Impressed by Dhruva’s greatness, Maharishi Narada went to the Satra yāga being conducted by Pracetās and while playing his veena glorified Dhruva as follows,

“Dhruva who was the son of the chaste woman Suneeti , has though intense austerities obtained this ultimate fruit. Even Maharishis, who are exponents in Vedas, are unable to obtain this supreme position as they are unable to undertake inner disciplines and austerities (antaranga sadhana) at par with Dhruva’s efforts. This being the case, is there any specific need to mention that kings cannot obtain this position?

When Dhruva was five years old, the harsh words uttered by his step mother pierced his heart and tormented him badly. Unable to withstand this insult he left for the forest. Heeding my advice he performed intense austerities. Pleasing Srihari is undoubtedly difficult. This Lord yields only to the good, divine traits of his devotees. Dhruva conquered such Lord Srihari and kept Him under his sway.

Even the best emperors of this world are lesser in position when compared to Dhruva. Even after performing intense austerities for many, many years they cannot reach the ultimate abode which Dhruva could obtain. They do not even have the worthiness to seek that abode.

In a short span of 5 to 6 months, the five year old Dhruva, through his devotion, could please the Supreme Lord who resides in the cave of the intellect. He reached Srihari’s abode.’ Narada Maharishi thus extolled Dhruva’s glory.

Maitreya Maharishi continued, “O Vidura, I have now narrated to you the supreme story of Dhruva as asked by you. Noble persons adore and glorify this story.

Dhanyaṁ yaśasya-māyuṣyaṁ puṇyaṁ svasty-ayanaṁ mahat

Svargyaṁ dhrauvyaṁ saumanasyaṁ praśasyam agha-marṣaṇam

This story of Dhruva bestows prosperity, longevity, good fame. This pure story is the repository of all forms of auspiciousness. This story, which is worthy of repute, blesses the person with heaven, the position of pole star (Dhruva pada) and fills him with godliness. It destroys all sins and fills the mind with happiness.

Srihari has extreme love for Dhruva. Likewise Dhruva loves Srihari very dearly. Therefore those who listen to this story repeatedly with total devotion will be blessed with unflinching devotion towards Srihari.

Due to such devotion, the five mental afflictions of spiritual ignorance (avidya), egoism, likes, dislikes and fear of death will be dissipated.

Mahattvam icchatāṁ tīrthaṁ śrotuḥ śīlādayo guṇāḥ

Yatra tejas tad icchūnāṁ māno yatra manasvinām

Those who listen to this story will, as per their desire, be blessed with either great wealth or divine splendor (brahmavarchas). Good character and other noble qualities will accrue to them. Those seeking respect will from society will be blessed with it.

Prayataḥ kīrtayet prātaḥ samavāye dvi-janmanām

Sāyaṁ ca puṇya-ślokasya dhruvasya caritaṁ mahat

The person who seeks to chant this pure story of Dhruva, which is worth glorifying, should chant the same in the assembly of Brahmins both in the morning and evening with great dedication and concentration.

To the best of his ability he should chant this story on days of Full moon, New moon, Dwadasi (12^th day of lunar fortnight), during Sravana nakshatra (star), Sankranti, Sunday and Ratha-saptami.

The devotee who has sought complete shelter in those lotus feet of Srihari from which the sacred River Ganga was born, should without any expectations narrate this story to those who are dedicated towards it. Doing so, the person will be filled with inner happiness. Through this he will be established in the Self (atma nishta) and will fulfill the goal of life.

The person who teaches this to people who are unaware of the Supreme Truth and thereby distributes the nectar called ‘knowledge’ is a compassionate person who strives for the well-being of the helpless. Such a person will earn the blessings of the Devatas.

O Vidura! This story of Dhruva is acclaimed in this world. In his childhood he left his mother’s home, rejected his toys and sought shelter under Lord Srihari. I have narrated to you the entire story” said Maitreya Maharishi to Vidura.

With this the twelfth chapter of the fourth canto comes to an end.

Sankaarśanāya namah.

Dhruva began to exhaust his balance of both merits and sins. Through experiencing kingly comforts he exhausted his balance of merit (punya). Through performance of Yagnas he washed away all his sins.

He ruled the earth righteously for 36000 years. He fulfilled the first three principles of life i.e. dharma (righteousness), artha (materialistic earnings) and kāma (fulfilling desires). Thereafter he handed over the kingdom to his son Utkala.

Manyamāna idaṁ viśvaṁ māyā-racitam ātmani

Avidyā-racita-svapna- gandharva-nagaropamam

During dream, all objects appear real. However, dream is the mind’s creation. It is made visible by the Self’s illumination (atma chaitanya, Pure Consciousness). When we observe the clouds, we can see varied shapes in them. However, all those shapes are nothing but creations of the mind. The Pure Consciousness (ātma chaitanya) within illumines these creations of the mind.

Likewise, although this entire world does not exist within the pure consciousness, due to spiritual ignorance it appears to exist. Dhruva realized this profound truth.

Dhruva realized that this body, wife, children, friends, relatives, army, the treasure chests filled with treasury, the inner apartments of the palace, the vast kingdom that stretched up to the seas and the lovely gardens had only temporal existence. He also understood that at some point or the other time would swallow them all. He developed total dispassion. In order to undertake penance he reached Badarikāśrama.

He bathed in the pure waters of the river. With absolute purity of mind and senses, he selected a suitable posture (asana) and took up disciplines such as Yama and Niyama. Through the process of Praṇāyāma he controlled the breathing. Using the mind he withdrew the senses (Pratyāhāra). He concentrated and fixed his mind (dhāraṇa) upon the gross form of the Lord i.e. the Universal form. He meditated upon this form with absolute concentration (dhyāna).

He reached the state of final absorption (Nirvikalpa samādhi) which is beyond differences of dhyāta (the person who is meditating) and dhyeya (the object of meditation) cease to exist. At that point he stopped meditating even upon this form.

Dhruva had incomparable love for Lord Srihari. Due to this overflowing love, uninterrupted tears of joy flowed from his eyes. The hairs on his body stood up and he was exhilarated. His heart completely melted due to this overflowing devotion. In him, who had given up egoism completely, the thought ‘I am Dhruva’ dissolved completely!

At that moment he saw a celestial airplane descending from heaven. Like the Full moon it began to illumine the 10 directions.

Dhruva noticed two celestial beings aboard that airplane. Both of them were of bluish-black complexion. They had reddish eyes that resembled lotus petals. Each of them had four hands and they were holding a mace in one hand. They were wearing costly clothing. On their heads they wore a crown. They looked radiant with glittering earrings, pearl chains and beautiful armlets. Dhruva recognized them as two attendants of Srihari, who were of great repute.

Seeing these supreme attendants of Srihari approaching him, Dhruva instantaneously stood up. In that anxiety he forgot to worship his guests. He could only chant the name of Srihari, fold his hands and offer obeisance to them.

Dhruva’s mind was firmly fixed upon the lotus feet of Lord Srikrishna. With lowered head and folded palms, he humbly stood before these guests. With a charming smile on their faces, these attendants of Srihari whose names were Sunanda and Nanda, addressed Dhruva and said,

“O emperor! Please listen attentively to us. At the age of five you pleased Srihari with your intense penance. We are the attendants of Lord Srihari, the father of this creation. We have come to take you to Srihari’s abode, which is the ultimate abode (paramapada).

It is extremely difficult to earn Lord Srihari’s abode. You have successfully conquered it. Through your penance you earned it. Even the seven great sages could not reach this abode. From afar they simply observe it. The Sun, Moon, planets and stars revolve reverentially around Srihari’s abode and thus circumambulate it. Now you are welcomed into that abode.

Anāsthitaṁ te pitṛbhir anyair apy aṅga karhicit

Ātiṣṭha jagatāṁ vandyaṁ tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṁ padam

O Dhruva! Srihari’s abode is most revered and worshipped by all the worlds. In the past neither your father, grandfather nor any other person have reached this supreme abode. Now please step into that Supreme abode of Srihari, which is highly extolled by the Vedas.

O immortal being! Srihari, who is the most supreme among those with pure reputation, has especially sent this celestial airplane for you. You are worthy of boarding it.

Dhruva was very dear to Lord Srihari. Likewise Dhruva loved Srihari the most. Dhruva heard attentively the nectarous words uttered by these attendants of Srihari. He bathed and completed his Sandhya vandana and other obligatory rituals. He wore auspicious decorations on his body. He offered obeisance to the Maharishis present there and obtained their blessings.

He then worshipped that celestial airplane and circumambulated around it. He offered obeisance to the attendants of Lord Srihari.

He then took on a radiant body and got ready to enter into that celestial airplane.  At that moment death arrived there in the form of time. Dhruva placed his foot on the head of death and entered into that celestial plane. Celestial drums, kettles, trumpets sounded from the heavens.

Vāsudevāya namah

Swayāmbhuva Manu continued, “He is the original Lord for this illusory world, which although appears to be existing in reality does not. He is eternal. He is an embodiment of bliss. All the various energies eternally serve Him! Develop selfless love towards Him. Through this, gradually you will be able to cut through spiritual ignorance which has hardened in the form of attachments and infatuations.

O Emperor! Anger is the greatest enemy for all auspiciousness that could be obtained by the person. Just as disease is cured through medication, you reflect upon this teaching of mine and cure your anger. May you be blessed with auspiciousness!

Seeing a person who is filled with anger all living beings tremble with fear. Hence the intelligent person who seeks liberation, who wishes that other living beings should not fear him or who seeks that he should not fear other living beings, should not succumb to anger.

Infuriated that they have killed your brother, you are killing these Yakshas. You have thereby insulted their leader Kubera, who is also a guardian deity for the world. Shiva, the Lord of Kailasa, has accepted Kubera as his brother.

My son! Before the wrath of the guardian deity swallows up our lineage, please bow and offer your obeisance to him. Speak to him and please him with your gentle words”.

Swāyambhuva Manu thus preached to his grandson Dhruva. Dhruva offered his obeisance to his grandfather. Then Swāyambhuva Manu together with the Maharishis left the place.

With this the eleventh chapter of the fourth canto comes to an end.

Fourth Canto Chapter Twelve

In this chapter, Dhruva pleases Kubera. Then returning to his city he worships Lord Srihari through many Yagnas accompanied by plentiful dakshinas. Thereafter he obtains the final abode of Lord Srihari, which is worshipped and revered by all the three worlds and which even the seven great sages find it difficult to obtain.

Maitreya Maharishi continued, “Coming to know that Dhruva had given up his anger and that he has stopped attacking the Yakshas, Kubera decided to meet Dhruva. As Yakshas, Cāraṇas and Gandharvas were praying to him, he stepped out.

Immediately upon seeing him, Dhruva folded his hands and offered obeisance. Kubera addressed Dhruva and said, “O emperor! You are a supremely meritorious. I am very pleased with you. Giving up feelings of enmity and hatred is very difficult, yet, abiding by your grandfather’s advice, you instantly gave up your anger towards Yakshas.

To tell you the truth, you did not kill these Yakshas. In the similar fashion, it was not the Yakshas who killed your brother. Time alone is responsible for the birth and death of every living being.

Everything that appears in a dream belongs to the person. Even then, when feelings of ‘I and mine’ develop towards one particular body, everything apart from it appears to have a distinct existence. This is incorrect. This is because in a dream, the same person manifests as all the different characters.

It is the same in the waking state too! The person develops feelings of ‘I’ towards his gross body. Therefore differences of ‘I’ and ‘you’ arise in the person. Dualities step in. However this is far from reality. Spiritual ignorance is the root for all this. All these karmic bondages and this repeated cycle of births and death occur only because of the feelings of differences and dualities that exist within a person.

O Dhruva! Return back to your kingdom. May you be blessed with auspiciousness! O King, Lord Srihari cannot be understood through any direct visible proofs. He is the one who is present before us in the form of the various living beings. Those who ardently worship His lotus feet are freed from this repeated cycle of births and deaths.

Even though He accepts the carrier known as illusion (māya), which is composed of the trigunas, and undertakes the tasks of creation, sustenance and dissolution of the universe, He remains non-dual.  Illusion cannot touch him. Serve this Supreme Lord purely with the intent of exiting this cycle of repeated births and deaths. Begin to see every living being as the form of the Self.

O son of Uttānapāda! O Dhruva, you are worthy of being bestowed with boons. We have heard that you are very dear to the lotus eyed Lord Srihari. Therefore without any hesitation, please seek whatever you like”.

Dhruva, the supreme devotee of the Lord was very intelligent and wise. When Kubera, the king of kings asked him to choose a boon he asked, “That remembrance of the Supreme Lord by which spiritual ignorance that is hampering liberation can be dispelled, that remembrance of Srihari by which the repeated cycle of re-births that arise due to spiritual ignorance can be easily crossed over, I seek to be blessed with a firm remembrance of Lord Srihari”.

Hearing Dhruva’s desire Kubera was immensely pleased. He blessed that Dhruva’s mind should eternally remember Srihari. As Dhruva was watching, he disappeared from there.

Dhruva returned to his kingdom. He now began many Yagna rituals so as to please Lord Srihari. He gave away plentiful Dakshina (money).

Yagna is the form of Lord Srihari. The ingredients used in Yagna, the sub-divisions of the Yagna and process of yagna are also forms of Lord Srihari. The Lord who bestows the result for the Yagna is also Srihari.

Sarvātmany acyute ’sarve tīvraughāṁ bhaktim udvahan

Dadarśātmani bhūteṣu tam evāvasthitaṁ vibhum 

Srihari is the original form which is the root for all various visible forms! Although all these various bodies shine within Him, in reality they do not exist within Him. Dhruva fixed his unending flow of devotion exclusively upon this Lord Srihari. He began to see the all-pervading Lord Srihari as existing in the form of the Self, within him and within every being in this creation.

Devotion became part and parcel of his nature. He revered exponents of Vedas. He was compassionate towards the helpless. He protected dharmic regulations. All the citizens of the country loved him as their father.

Emperor Dhruva began to exhaust his balance of both merits and sins. Through experiencing kingly riches and comforts he exhausted his balance of merit (punya). Through performance of Yagnas he washed away all his sins.

Hrishikeśāya namah.